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There are
many different ways of perceiving the world. One of these ways is
by perceptual organization. Perceptual organization are processes
used to group basic sensory elements together into perceivable objects.
The two basic principles of perceptual organization involves perceiving
figures embedded in a perceptual background and organizing what you see,
or what you perceive, in the simplest form possible. Another type
of perception is depth perception, which is primarily utilized by visual
or auditory senses.
The organ used for visual perception is the eye. The eye is an extremely
complex organ. It is composed of multiple of structures each having
it's own specific function or functions (refer to diagram). The cornea
is a clear protective membrane which allows for the passage of light but
blocks the entrance of dust. The lens is just behind the cornea and
it focuses the light entering into the eye. The light forms an image
which falls on the retina. This image is upside down and is processed
by the brain. The amount of light entering the eye is controlled
by the iris, the colored structure of the eye. The pupil is a black
dot in the center of the eye through which light passes. The retina
contains over 100 million nerve cells known as rods and cones. Cones
are responsible for colored vision and rods are used for black and white
vision.
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